In a healthy individual, the stress response results in the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus into the capillaries and going to the pituitary gland. This causes the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone into the blood stream, which activates the adrenal cortex and leads to the production of corticosteroids 57. The HPA axis and the sympathetic nervous system must balance their activities in response to stressors. While stress response is vital to survival, prolonged stress increases the allostatic load and can have adverse effects on health 58, 59. Interestingly, endocannabinoids play a role in allostasis, that is, they promote the recovery from stress and help to reestablish homeostasis of neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuropeptides 60. To help you transition to the recovery phase, you can try a few home remedies such as regular hot baths.
- While the application of a topical paste is typically to the abdominal wall, the chest, back, and extremities have also been sites used for this treatment with positive results 19, 23•, 25, 26.
- Cannabis and/or cannabinoid agents have been used to treat chronic non-cancer pain, with a review of 15 of 18 trials demonstrating analgesic effects compared to placebo 2.
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment-a Systematic Review
Despite the well-established anti-emetic properties of marijuana, there is increasing evidence of its paradoxical effects on the gastrointestinal tract and CNS. Further initiatives are needed to determine this disease prevalence and its other epidemiological characteristics, natural history, and pathophysiology. Additional treatments are needed and efforts to discontinue cannabis abuse are paramount. The mechanism by which cannabis induces hyperemesis is presently unknown. A recent review has explored numerous potential explanations regarding various pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors of the cannabinoids 72. The cannabis plant contains over four hundred different chemicals, with sixty possessing cannabinoid structures 76.
Pharmacology of Cannabinoids
In this context a comprehensive history along with initial screening tests should be performed to exclude acute conditions and emergencies (e.g pancreatobiliary disease, intestinal obstruction, pregnancy, etc). This includes laboratory tests (complete blood count and differential, glucose, basic metabolic panel, pancreatic and hepatic enzymes, pregnancy test), urinalysis, urinary drug screen, and plain flat radiographic series 63,64. Cannabis has been used therapeutically for multiple other medical conditions as well.
Topical Capsaicin
- Receptors are specialized cells that respond to specific stimuli or changes in the environment.
- It is not known if certain varieties of botanical marijuana are more likely to produce CHS than others.
- Marijuana cessation relieves CHS, sometimes in a matter of hours or a couple of days.
In the brain, the cannabinoid system helps regulate several aspects of the endocrine system. CB1 receptor activation in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland results in modulation of all hypothalamic-pituitary axes 38. Receptor activation leads chs symptoms and signs to inhibitory effects on the release of growth hormone, thyroid hormone, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone 38. In animal studies mice lacking CB1 receptors demonstrate enhancement in circadian HPA axis activity peaks and impairment in glucocorticoid feedback 39.
“The endocannabinoid system works in all these tissues and all these organs,” Piomelli said. And the drug addiction treatment daily use of THC in adolescence will permanently affect how the ECS works in organs that regulate health. Just contemplating the plethora of delivery devices and variety of formulas and potencies on the dispensary sales floor is nearly as mind-blowing as consuming them. In particular, many experts point to the long-term effects on the developing minds and bodies of adolescents and young adults, calling out overlooked risks of regular marijuana use to developing brains and bodies in their 20s.